The following are appropriate in any situation:
下面是任何场所都适合的使用方法:
Bathroom
Example: Im gonna [going to] go to the bathroom.
例子:我要上厕所。
Restroom
Example: Where is the restroom?
例子:洗手间在什么地方?
Little boys/girls room
Example: Ill be right back, I need to use the little girls room.
例子:我立刻回来,我要用下洗手间。
Powder my nose
Example: Excuse me, I need to powder my nose.
例子:不好意思,我要去趟盥洗室。