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不定式完成式被动语态和非谓语动词的过去分词有什么区别(向曾克辉老师请教)

来源:www.zwwvz.com 2025-05-17

曾老师你好!这个问题有几个老师帮我问答了,但我没完全搞懂。由于你讲的通俗易懂,又了解,在这里我又不能不请告诉你。不好意思。

非谓语动词的不定式完成式被动语态和非谓语动词的过去分词都表示已经被做,两者的不同之处?

His machine is the first of its kind to have been used here.

这里用的这种机器中,这是第一台。

The meeting held yesterday is of great importance.

昨天召开的会议非常重要。

1. 在“主语+be+序数词”(主系表结构)中,假如陈述一个确定的事实,那样其后用作定语的不定式一般被动式表示动作发生在先。比如:

This building wasthe first to be bombed.这栋大楼是第一个遭到轰炸的。

当然,也有人将to be bombed改为to have been bombed以强调动作发生在先,其实这完全没必要,用不定式的完成被动式反而看上去有点累赘。

在“主语+be+序数词”(主系表结构)中,假如不是陈述一个确定的事实,那样其后不可以用不定式的完成被动式作定语,只可以用不定式一般被动式,且只能表示以后。比较:

He is the third to be criticized.他是第三个遭到批评的人。(可用to have been criticized

He will be thethird to be criticized.他将是第三个遭到批评的人。(不可用to have been criticized

2. The meeting held yesterday is of great importance. = Themeeting that/which was held yesterdayis of great importance.

yesterday在过去分词之后作状语,说明动作发生在昨天(过去)。

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