中学题库|2007年初中英语期末总复习之词语篇-上

期末总复习之词语篇
易混词大整理

从近年来的中考试试题可以看出命题者的目的都是要考查学生对一些较易混淆、形式上很相近的词是不是能学会扎实，是不是熟知每一个词组的中文意思并能在句子中熟练运用。要想做对以上出现的类似的中考考试试题，考生需要能总结清各种初中阶段所学过的较易混淆、形式上很相近的词，熟记所有词组的中文意思，熟知它们的使用方法和不同。为了便捷同学们复习，特将常考易混词整理如下：

1、容易混淆的动词：

[考试说明] 知道及物动词和不及物动词使用方法；学会动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语与疑问词连用构成不定式短语的基本使用方法；理解动词不定式作主语和定语的使用方法；初步学会延续性动词和瞬间动词在使用方法上有什么区别等。

1. come be here

[误] He has come here for three hours.

[正] He came^{1 here three hours ago.}

[正] He has been here for three hours.

come是瞬间动词，不是延续性动词，在一定句中不可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。而要与表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用延续动词。

与此相同种类的还有borrow/lend^{3-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead4; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.}

2. cosplayt^{5 take spend pay6}

[误] I cosplayt a lot of time to read stories.

[正] It cosplayt me a lot of time to read stories.

[正] I spent a lot of time reading^{7 stories.}

cosplayt除去钱的花费以外，还能表示时间上的花费，但常用物做主语。spend句子主语是人，可指花浪费时间间和资金，但后面的动词要用-ing形式，后面也可跟名词短语，介词用on。pay句子主语是人，常与for连用，buy也常与for连用，但花费钱要放在介词for后面，而pay则放在介词for前面。

3. join take part^{8 in}

[误] He joined the League^{9 for two years.}

[正] He joined the League two years ago.

[正] He has been in the League for two years.

[正] He has been a League member for two years.

join指参加组织，成为一个成员，join sb.意思是加入某人，take part in指参加活动尤其是大的运动；如指参加多久就要用延续动词be in或be a member，而不可以用join。

4. borrow^{2 lend keep}

[误] She has lent^{10 me the book for a week.}

[正] She lent me the book a week ago.

[正] Its a week since^{11 she lent me the book.}

borrow和lend是短暂性动词，在一定句里不和表示一段时间的状语连用，keep延续动词，可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

borrow意思是借，后面跟介词from，lend意思是借，后面跟介词to，lend也可用于某些成语中，如lend sb. a hand。

5. lie^{12 lay13 lain14}

[误] She laid^{15 down the book and laid in bed.}

[正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.

lie有两个意思，一个是撒谎，过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d；另一个是躺，卧；坐落于，是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词是lay、lain，目前分词是lying。

lay意思是放；孵，其过去式和过去分词是laid、laid。

6. be made^{16 in be made of be made from be made up of}

[误] The table is made from wood.

[正] The table is made of wood.

be made in意思是由生产，强调产地；be made of意思是用制成，强调从成品上能看出材料，制成物没改变材料的本质；be made from意思也是用制成，强调从制成物上看不出材料，制成物已改变材料的本质；be made up of意思是由构成或组成，指人或物都可，指结构成分。

7. sTOP to do sTOP doing

[误] He was^{17 too tired, so he sTOPped having a rest.}

[正] He was too tired, so he sTOPped to have a rest.

[误] Look! The teacher is coming. We must sTOP to talk.

[正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must sTOP talking.

sTOP to do意思是停下去做，带to的不定式在句子中作目的状语；sTOP doing意思停止做某事，带-ing形式的动名词在句子中作宾语。
2、容易混淆的名词：
[考试说明] 知道名词在句中所充当的成分，理解并能不同所学的可数名词和不可数名词；熟练学会所学可数名词复数形式的构成，在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用；学会物质名词及其数目的表达办法；知道专有名词的定义及一般使用方法；熟练学会所学名词所有格的使用方法；知道集合名词和抽象名词的定义及一般使用方法。

1. job work

[误] Im busy today, for I have a lot of jobs to do.

[正] Im busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.

job意思是a piece of work，指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作，实质含义是职业，而work一般指抽象意义上的工作，是不可数名词，也可指工作场合。

2. by train change trains

[误] We came here by the train.

[正] We came here by train.

[正] We came here on/in the train.

[误] We have to change the train at the next station.

[正] We have to change trains at the next station.

train意思是火车，表示乘火车，用by train或on/ the train，表示换火车，train需要用复数形式，且前面不加限定词。
3、容易混淆的形容词：
[考试说明] 熟练学会形容词作定语、表语及宾语补足语的使用方法；熟练学会表示时间、地址、方法、程度、缘由等疑问副词的使用方法；熟练学会形容词、副词比较等级的构成和good、well、many、much等不规则变化；学会little、far、ill、bad、badly等不规则变化；能熟练运用下列句型表示两者和三者或三者以上的比较；初步学会用much、little等副词在使用方法上有什么区别。

1. any some

[误] Have you got^{18 some money with you?}

[正] Have you got any money with you?

[误] Would^{19 you like any milk?}

[正] Would you like some milk?

any和some意思是一些，用作定语，可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。any多用于否定句和疑问句，some多用于一定句。

但假如说话人表示请求，建议或期望得到一定回答的意义时，some也可用在疑问句中；some还可用于单数名词前，表示未知或说话人不想特不要说明的人、地、物等，意思是某一，某个。

假如表示任何，无论什么时，any可用在一定句中。

2. either^{20 each both neither21 every}

[误] There are many flowers on either side^{22 of the street.}

[误] There are many flowers on neither side of the street.

[误] There are many flowers on each sides^{23 of the street.}

[正] There are many flowers on both sides of the street.

[正] There are many flowers on each side of the street.

[误] Every student has not finished^{24 their homework.}

[正] No student has finished their homework.

either意思是两者之一的，each意思是任意一个的，neither意思是两者都不的，every强调整体，意思是个个。

3. few^{25/little a few /a little}

[误] Sorry, I have few money on me.

[正] Sorry, I have little money on me.

[误] Her books are few.

[正] She has few books.

[误] The work needs a few number of workers.

[正] The work needs a small number of workers.

[正] The work needs a few workers.

few后跟可数名词复数，little后跟不可数名词，都表示几乎没的否定性意思；a few和a little不同也在于前者跟可数名词，后者跟不可数名词，都表示有几个的一定性意思。

4. no not

no意思是没，可以否定所有名词，修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数时等于not any，修饰可数名词单数时等于not a/an；假如被修饰的名词一般情况下只有一个，则用它的单数形式；不可以用a、the、all、every等限制词之前，而not可以。

not意思是不，不是，可以否定所有动词，修饰动词。

no more than意思是不过，仅仅，等于only，修饰数目词，强调少的意思；not more than意思是至多，不多于，低于，用于陈述事实；no morethan和not morethan多用于多音节形容词的比较级。

5. already^{26 yet27 still}

[误] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had^{28 taken off29 yet.}

[正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off already.

[正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had already taken off.

already意思是已经，一般用于一定句，常与完成时连用，常用于句中；yet意思是已经，还，一般用于否定句和疑问句，常用于句末；still意思是仍然，还是，强调动作在进行，主要用于一定句，常用于句中。

6. also too either so neither nor³⁰

[误] My parents didnt like swimming, nor did^{31 his.}

[正] My parents didnt like swimming, neither did his.

also用于一定句，一般放在行为动词之前、助动词、情态动词、系动词之后，too一般用于一定句末，前面常用逗号；either一般用于否定句末，前面也用逗号；so置于句首，引起句子倒装，表示前面所讲的状况也适用于另一个人或物，具备否定的意思；so后的主语与前一句主语是同一个人或物时，后面的主谓不倒装，表示确实这样；neither置于句首，引起句子倒装，表示前面所讲的状况不适用于另一个人或物，具备否定的意思；nor常与not连用，表示也不，neither和nor都可用来对前面的否定陈述加以补充，假如补充的成分否定的不是同一事物，同一内容，就只可以用nor，不可用neither；当否定的并列分句有两个以上时，只可以用nor，由于neither只能指两者中的一个，nor指三个以上的另一个。

7. sometimes sometime^{32 some time some times}

[误] You can only keep the book for sometime.

[正] You can only keep the book for some time.

sometimes是频度副词，意思是有时，不时，常与一般目前时或一般过去时连用；sometime是副词，意思是在某个不确定的时间，在某个时候，某时，可与以后时或过去时连用；some time是名词词组，意思是一段时间，做时间状语，也可用作副词词组，用来指一个未一定的时刻，常指以后，此时可与sometime通用；some times是名词词组，意思是几次，几倍。