Zit Myths Cleared Up
怎么样去痘？
Zits are a familiar foe1, plugging the pores of people young and old, all around the world.
丘疹可以堵住大家的毛孔，全世界不分老幼都可能遭到影响，风险十分常见，。
Acne is the most common skin disorder2 in the United States. An estimated 80 percent of all people between the ages of 11 and 30 have outbreaks, according to the National Institute of Arthritis3 and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Even 50-year-olds endure flare-ups.
在美国，粉刺是最容易见到的皮肤病。依据国家关节肌肉骨骼及皮肤病研究所的调查，年龄在11到30岁的人群中，80%的人都曾长过粉刺。即使是50多岁的人偶尔也会长粉刺。
Eliminating problem skin isn't easy. Dermatologists4, mothers and even P. Diddy have worked to rid us of blemishes6.
消除粉刺不是件容易的事情。皮肤病学者们、妈妈们甚至于时尚歌手都从不同角度想方法帮助大家去除这类暗疮。
Yet while research on acne remedies is extensive and treatments fill drugstore aisles7, myths about the condition are hard to wash away.
虽然一方面到处都在进行关于怎么样治疗粉刺的研究，各种各样的治疗办法充斥在药房的货架上，但这种问题依旧非常难根除。
Mud mask
泥浆面膜
Contrary to what your mother told you, cleaning your face isn't the cure-all to clean-looking skin. Dirt doesn't breed zits.
与你妈妈对你说的正好相反的是，洗脸并非维持皮肤洁净的灵丹妙药。尘土并不可以致使丘疹。
The nasty buggers form when your tiny hair follicles get clogged8, blocking the normal exit pathway for oil, called sebum, to escape to the surface of the skin.
当你的毛囊被阻住时，一些可恶的东西就形成了，他们将堵住皮肤油脂正常排出体外的通道。
Although scientists have yet to pinpoint9 the cause of acne, androgen hormones-which rise during puberty in boys and girls and continue to fluctuate during a woman's menstrual cycle-cause the sebaceous glands10 to produce more sebum. cosplaymetics11, drugs such as lithium, and genetics also contribute to an inpidual's zit potential.
虽然科学家们已经指出了粉刺罪魁祸首男士霍尔蒙激素，其在男生和女生的青春期开始增加，在女人月经周期时产生波动，这就导致皮脂腺产生更多的皮脂。化妆品，药品（譬如含有锂）与基因都可能是个人丘疹的潜在缘由。
Back under the skin, things get uglier when the oil mixes with cells lining12 the follicle, making a comfortable environment for bacteria to move in and cause inflammation. Enough swelling13 will break down the follicle walls, and the plugged-up mess will unload into the skin. That's when pimples15 rear their ugly heads.
在皮肤表层下面，当油脂与含有毛囊通道的细胞混合后，这里将给细菌的进入提供适合的环境，从而致使发炎。肿胀到一定量就将破坏毛囊壁，那些被阻挡在里面的东西就会转移到皮肤上。这是你就能看到皮肤表面粉刺的头。
Filthy-looking blackheads feed the misconception that acne grows on grime. In reality, sebum turns the color of mud when exposed to air.
看起来脏乎乎的黑头粉刺叫人们总是误解为粉刺就是在尘垢上长出来的。事实上，皮脂在暴露在空气中时会转变成泥土的颜色。
Scrubbing away at spotty skin too much or too often can actually worsen the skin condition.
常常擦洗长疹的皮肤只能加重这样的情况。
The concept that you can wash away your acne is not based on true fact,said dermatologist5 Alexa Boer Kimball, director of Harvard University's Clinical Unit for Research Trials in Skin.
通过擦洗去掉粉刺的做法是错误的，哈佛大学皮肤病临床试验研究组主任皮肤病学者亚里克斯波尔金博表示。
She conducted a survey to test the hygiene16 hypothesis, asking college men to cleanse17 their faces either once, twice, or four times a day for six weeks. The washing results showed no difference between the regimens. Cleaning twice a day is probably best, says Kimball.
在她领导的一项卫生假说的调查中，她需要参加的大学生坚持在六周以内天天洗脸一次、两次或者四次。洗脸的结果表明洗脸的次数与粉刺没关系。金博觉得。天天洗两次脸可能是最好的。
Chocolate and fries
巧克力与油炸食品
Fables18 about acne have traveled beyond the bathroom and into the kitchen. Chocolate candy bars and greasy19 foods have long been accused of tarnishing20 complexions21, and drinking water has been deemed the ultimate therapy.
在讨论完与盥洗有关的事情后，大家来到厨房从食物的角度看看粉刺的成因。巧克力和富含油脂的食物长期以来一直被觉得可能导致皮肤失去光泽，而多喝水被觉得是最根本的治疗办法。
A number of studies in the 1960's and 70's set out to debunk22 the idea that what you eat pops up on your face. Today dermatologists agree that the experiments were not conducted well.
20世纪60、70年代很多的研究表明，摄入的食物会干扰面部皮肤的说法没道理。今天，皮肤病学者承认，当时的实验操作上有误。
Recently, research has shown that drinking milk may modestly increase the risk of acne. However, the story on diet is still evolving.
近期，研究表明喝牛奶可以稍微减少长粉刺的风险。但，食物对此是不是有影响的怎么看也有了新的进展。
The role of diet is not yet clear,Kendall told LiveScience.The overall effect of diet on acne is not real big, but it's something we need to study more. But we're not talking about too much chocolate or too many fries.
食物在这中间有哪些用途在不了解，肯德尔告诉LiveScience.食物对粉刺大体上讲影响不是非常大，但这也值得大家去更多的研究。但，大家也不应该对巧克力和油炸食品关注过多。
As for the holy grail of drinking lots of water to ward23 off bad bumps, Kendall says it's completely unfounded.
作为以多喝水来消除肿块的金科玉律，肯德尔说，这完全没依据。
Treatments
治疗法
Dermatologists have an arsenal24 of treatments that can help.
皮肤学者有不少有效的治疗办法。
Ingredients in over-the-counter soaps and lotions25 can do the trick for some skin. Benzoyl peroxide kills off bacteria, while salycic acid and sulphur break down whiteheads and blackheads.
对于一些种类的皮肤的人来讲，作为非处方药供应的肥皂和洗液或许会有用。过氧化苯甲酸可以杀灭细菌，salycic acid和硫磺都可以消除粟疹粒和黑头粉刺。
For more severe cases, doctors may prescribe antibiotics26 to curb27 bacterial28 growth or large doses of vitamin A derivatives29, such as Accutane, which unplug zits and can help prevent scarring.
对于病情紧急的病人，大夫也可以用抗生素来抑制细菌成长，或者用大剂量的维生素A衍生物,像Accutane来去除丘疹，并预防再皮肤上留下疤痕。
We have a lot of good treatments,Kimball said.The key is coming up with a regimen you like to use and will use consistently.
大家有很多非常不错的治疗办法，金博说。重点在于你想采纳并能坚持用的办法。
Pimple14 products in the pipeline30 combine several medicines to make regimens easier on the patient. For instance, rather than remembering to use two or more products twice a day, a patient may only need to use one medicine, once a day.
治疗丘疹的商品和其他药物一块用可以使病人的疗法愈加简单。譬如，病人可以一天仅需一次用一种药物而不是天天非得记住用两种甚至更多的抗痘商品。
One last piece of advice：Do listen to your mother when she tells you to keep your hands off your face.
最后一条建议：当你妈妈对你说别动你脸上的痘痘时，必须要听她的。
Picking is not a good idea,Kimball said.Almost always, you're making it worse.
用手挤不是个好方法，金博讲到。一般，你只能让它更糟。
