第九讲 状语从句
状语从句:
所谓状语从句,是指用来讲明主句行为(或状况)发生的时间、缘由、条件、地址、目的、结果及方法等。
1) 时间状语从句:
记住以下连接词的意思和重点:
(1)when / while / as (当时侯)
注意:while除去做时间状语的连接词外,还讲解为虽然,而.
比如:He is very diligent1, while she is very lazy. (他非常勤奋,而她却非常懒。)
(2)before (after) 在之前(后)
(3)until / not until(直到)注意:not until放在句首时,总是需要倒装(详见第七讲)
(4)as soon as / once (一就)
(5)immediately / instantly / directly 原本是副词,这里作连接词,表示一就,
比如: I knew I had made a mistake directly (或用immediately / as soon as) I had done it. (刚做完这件事,我就了解我做错了。)
(6)the moment / each time / every time / next time / the first time / the instant / the year原本是名词或副词,这里作连接词用。
(7)hardly (scarcely)when / no soonerthan一就
注意:这是时间状语考试的重点句型,一是不要把两个句型中的when和than的搭配搞错了,二是要用倒装语序(详见第七讲)。
比如:
Hardly had I sat down when the telephone rang. (我刚坐下,电话铃就响了。)
重点:在时间(和条件)状语中,用一般年代替以后时。
比如:
We'll start as soon as the leader ______. ( 领导一来就开始。)
A.comes B.is comingC.will come D.came
依据英语时态一致性原则,主句与从句的时态应一致,答案好像应该是B或C,但正确答案是A,由于在时间状语中,用一般年代替以后时。将上句改为过去时,道理也一样:
He said (that) we would start as soon as the leader _____.
A.came B.was coming C.would come D.comes
答案应为A
2) 条件状语从句:
分真实条件句和非真实条件句(虚拟语气)
重点:在条件(时间)状语中,用一般年代替以后时(可参见时间状语从句例子)
虚拟语气(见第六讲)
主要连接词:
(1)if / unless (除非 = if not 假如不)
比如:
Children should not be taken into the room of a very sick person ______ there is some special reason for it.
A.exceptB. besides C. unlessD.whereas2
解题思路:依据上面说过的连接原则,这里需要是一个连接词,而A,B都是介词,因此正确答案只能在C,D中选。whereas意为而,故正确答案为C.(不应把儿童带到重患者房间,除非有某种特殊缘由。)
(2)provided / on condition that (跟句子) (假如)了解这也是连接词就能了,一般说,当考试试题中出现这种词时,应倾向选择。
3) 缘由状语从句:
主要连接词:because/ since / as
要素:不要把连接词 because与介词短语because of ( + 名词或-ing形式) 相混淆;
不要把表示缘由的since与表示时间的since自从相混淆;
不要把表示缘由的as与表示时间的as伴随相混淆;
顺便提一下, because表示直接因果关系,而since, as 是对事实的说明,主句和从句之间并不肯定具备因果关系.
比如:
As you are already 18 years old, you should know what to do and what not to do. (你已经十八岁了,应该了解什么该做什么不该干。)
这个句子用because连接就不太适合。好在军队职称考试中并不需要作这种分辨。
for 注意:一般只能放在主句后面,即主句 + for从句,比如:
He must have gone to bed, for it is too late. (他一定已经睡了;目前已经非常晚了。) 该句不可以用because
now that / seeing that / considering that (因为)
Seeing that this problem was settled, they proceeded to the next one.(鉴于这个问题已经解决,他们开始进行下一个问题。) n
in that(在于)一般放在主句后面,比如:
Humans are superior to animals in that they can use languages as a tool to communicate. (人比动物高等,由于人能以语言作为工具进行交际。)