V. Promoting Sound and Rapid Development of the National Economy
To attain the objectives for economic development, it is essential to significantly accelerate the transformation of the development pattern and improve the socialist market economy. We need to vigorously push forward strategic economic restructuring and make greater efforts to improve China's capacity for independent innovation as well as energy and environmental conservation, and to enhance the overall quality of the economy and its international competitiveness. We need to deepen our understanding of the laws governing the socialist market economy, introduce institutions to give better play to the basic role of market forces in allocating resources, and form a system of macroeconomic regulation conducive to scientific development.
1. Enhance China's capacity for independent innovation and make China an innovative country. This is the core of our national development strategy and a crucial link in enhancing the overall national strength. We need to keep to the path of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics and improve our capacity for independent innovation in all areas of modernization. We need to conscientiously implement the Outline of the National Program for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development , increase spending on independent innovation, and make breakthroughs in key technologies vital to our economic and social development. We will speed up forming a national innovation system and support basic research, research in frontier technology and technological research for public welfare. We will step up our efforts to establish a market-oriented system for technological innovation, in which enterprises play the leading role and which combines the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes, and guide and support the concentration of factors of innovation in enterprises, thereby promoting the translation of scientific and technological advances into practical productive forces. We will deepen reform of the system for managing science and technology, optimize the allocation of relevant resources, and improve the legal guarantee, policy system, incentive mechanism and market conditions to encourage technological innovation and the application of scientific and technological achievements in production. We will implement the strategy for intellectual property rights. We will make the best use of international resources of science and technology. We will continue to create conditions conducive to innovation, work to train world-class scientists and leaders in scientific and technological research, attach great importance to training innovative personnel in the frontline of production, inspire the creative wisdom of the whole society and bring forth large numbers of innovative personnel in all areas.
2. Accelerate transformation of the mode of economic development and promote upgrading of the industrial structure. This is a pressing strategic task vital to the national economy as a whole. We must keep to the new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics, pursue the policy of boosting domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, and propel three transitions in the mode of economic growth: the transition from relying mainly on investment and export to relying on a well coordinated combination of consumption, investment and export, the transition from secondary industry serving as the major driving force to primary, secondary and tertiary industries jointly driving economic growth, and the transition from relying heavily on increased consumption of material resources to relying mainly on advances in science and technology, improvement in the quality of the workforce and innovation in management. We will develop amodern industrial system, integrate IT application with industrialization, push our large industries to grow stronger, invigorate the equipment manufacturing industry, and eliminate outdated production capacities. We will upgrade new- and high-technology industries and develop information, biotechnology, new materials, aerospace, marine and other industries. We will develop the modern service industry and raise the level of the service sector and its share in the economy. We will step up efforts to improve basic industries and infrastructure and accelerate development of a modern energy industry and a comprehensive transport system. We will ensure the quality and safety of products. We will encourage formation of internationally competitive conglomerates.
3. Balance urban and rural development and build a new socialist countryside. As resolution of issues concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers has an overall impact on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, we must always make it a TOP priority in the work of the whole Party. We will strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation of the national economy, take a path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics,set up a permanent mechanism of industry promoting agriculture and urban areas helping rural areas, and form a new pattern that integrates economic and social development in urban and rural areas. We will continue to take developing modern agriculture and invigorating the rural economy as a primary task, strengthen infrastructure in rural areas, and improve the system of rural markets and that of services for agriculture. We will increase policy measures to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers, strictly protect arable land, increase spending on agriculture, promote advances in agriculture-related science and technology, and improve overall agricultural production capacity to ensure food security for the nation. We will intensify efforts to prevent and control animal and plant epidemic diseases and improve the quality and safety of agricultural products. To increase farmers' income, we will develop rural enterprises, expand county economies, and transfer rural labor out of farming through various channels. We will enhance poverty reduction through development. We will deepen the comprehensive rural reform, promote reform and innovation in the rural banking system, and reform the system of collective forest rights. We will uphold the basic system for rural operations, stabilize and improve land contract relations, improve the market for transferring land contract and management rights in accordance with the law and on a voluntary and compensatory basis, and develop various forms of appropriate large-scale operations where conditions permit. We will explore effective forms of collective economic operations, develop specialized farmers' cooperatives, and support the industrialized operation of agriculture and the development of leading agribusinesses. We will train a new type of farmers who are educated and understand both agricultural techniques and business management, and encourage hundreds of millions of farmers to play the major role in building a new countryside.
4. Improve energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation and enhance China's capacity for sustainable development. Adhering to the basic state policy of conserving resources and the environment is vital to the immediate interests of the people and the survival and development of the Chinese nation. We must give prominence to building a resource-conserving, environment-friendly society in our strategy for industrialization and modernization and get every organization and family to act accordingly. We will improve laws and policies to promote energy, resources, ecological and environmental conservation, and speed up the formation of systems and mechanisms for sustainable development. We will implement the responsibility system for conserving energy and reducing emissions. We willdevelop and extend advanced and appropriate technologies for conserving, substituting and recycling energy and resources and for controlling pollution, develop clean and renewable energy sources, protect land and water resources and set up a scientific, rational system for using energy and resources more efficiently. We will develop environmental conservation industries. We will increase spending on energy and environmental conservation with the focus on intensifying prevention and control of water, air and soil pollution and improving the living environment for both urban and rural residents. We will improve water conservancy, forestry and grasslands, intensify efforts to bring desertification under control and prevent the spread of stony deserts, and promote restoration of the ecosplayystems. We will enhance our capacity to respond to climate change and make new contributions to protecting the global climate.
5. Promote balanced development among regions and improve the pattern of land development. To narrow the gap in development among regions, we must work to ensure their equal access to basic public services and guide a rational flow of factors of production between regions. Following the general strategy for regional development, we will continue to carry out large-scale development of the western region, rejuvenate northeast China and other old industrial bases in an all-round way, boost the development of the central region and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development. We will strengthen land planning, improve policies for regional development and adjust the geographical distribution of economic operations in accordance with the requirement to form development priority zones. In compliance with the laws governing the market economy, we will work beyond administrative pisions to form a number of close-knit economic rims and belts that will provide a strong impetus to the development of other areas. In locating major projects, we must give full consideration to supporting development of the central and western regions and encourage the eastern region to help them develop. We will give more support to the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic autonomous areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas. We will help transform the economies of areas where natural resources are exhausted. We will have the special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin play a major role in reform, opening up and independent innovation. Taking a path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, we will promote balanced development of large, medium-sized and small cities and towns on the principle of balancing urban and rural development, ensuring rational distribution, saving land, providing a full range of functions and getting larger cities to help smaller ones. Focusing on increasing the overall carrying capacity of cities, we will form city clusters with mega cities as the core so that they can boost development in other areas and become new poles of economic growth.
6. Improve the basic economic system and the modern market system. We need to uphold and improve the basic economic system in which public ownership is dominant and different economic sectors develop side by side, unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy, unswervingly encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector, ensure equal protection of property rights, and create a new situation in which all economic sectors compete on an equal footing and reinforce each other. We will deepen the reform to introduce the corporate and shareholding systems in state-owned enterprises, improve the modern corporate structure and optimize the distribution and structure of the state sector of the economy to enhance its dynamism, dominance and influence. We will deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition, and strengthen government regulation and public oversight of them. We will accelerate development ofa budget system for managing state capital and improve systems and regulations for managing all types of state assets. We will press ahead with the reform of collectively-owned enterprises and develop various forms of collective and cooperative economic operations. We will promote equitable market access, improve the financing environment and remove institutional barriers in order to promote development of inpidually-owned businesses and private companies as well as small and medium-sized enterprises. We will develop the economic sector of mixed ownership based on the modern system of property rights. We will accelerate the formation of a modern market system that is unified and open and that allows orderly competition, develop markets for factors of production, improve the pricing mechanism for factors of production and resources to reflect changes in market supply and demand, resource scarcities and environmental cosplayts, regulate and develop industry associations and market-based intermediaries, and improve the social credibility system.
7. Deepen fiscal, taxation and financial restructuring and improve macroeconomic regulation. We will improve the public finance system as we work to ensure equal access to basic public services and establish development priority zones. We need to deepen reform of the budget system, tighten budgetary management and oversight, improve the system whereby both the central and local governments have financial resources proportionate to their duties and responsibilities, accelerate the establishment of a unified, standardized and transparent system for transfer payments, enlarge the size and proportion of general transfer payments, and increase input in public services. We will improve fiscal systems at and below the provincial level to enhance the capacity of county and township governments to provide public services. We will adopt fiscal and taxation systems conducive to scientific development and set up sound compensation systems for use of resources and for damage to the ecological environment. We will proceed with financial reforms to develop various types of financial markets and build a modern financial system that is inclusive of different forms of ownership and different ways of operation and that features a reasonable structure, complete functions, efficiency and security. We will make our banking, securities and insurance industries more competitive. We will improve the structure of the capital market and raise the proportion of direct financing through multiple channels.We will strengthen financial supervision and control, and forestall and defuse financial risks. We will improve the RMB exchange rate regime and gradually make the RMB convertible under capital accounts. We will deepen reform of the investment system and improve and strictly enforce market access rules. We will improve the state planning system. We will give play to the guiding role of national development plans, programs and industrial policies in macroeconomic regulation and combine the use of fiscal and monetary policies to improve macroeconomic regulation.
8. Expand opening up in scope and depth and improve our open economy. Adhering to the basic state policy of opening up, we will better integrate our bring in and go global strategies, expand the areas of opening up, optimize its structure, raise its quality, and turn our open economy into one in which domestic development and opening to the outside world interact and Chinese businesses and their foreign counterparts engage in win-win cooperation, and one that features security and efficiency, in order to gain new advantages for China in international economic cooperation and competition amid economic globalization. We will deepen the opening up of coastal areas, accelerate that of inland areas and upgrade that of border areas, so that opening up at home and opening to the outside world will promote each other. We will expedite transformation of the growth mode of foreign trade, stress quality, adjust the mix of imports and exports, promote transformation and upgrading of processing trade, and energetically develop service trade. We will make innovations in the way of using foreign capital, improve the structure of foreign investment utilized, and let the use of foreign capital play a positive role in facilitating independent innovation, industrial upgrading and balanced development among regions. We will make innovations in our way of overseas investment and cooperation, support domestic enterprises in carrying out international operations of RD, production and marketing, and accelerate the growth of Chinese multinational corporations and Chinese brand names in the world market. We will vigorously carry out mutually beneficial international cooperation in energy and resources. We will implement a strategy of free trade zones and expand bilateral and multilateral trade and economic cooperation. We will adopt comprehensive measures to maintain a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments. We must guard against international economic risks.
By ensuring sound and rapid growth of the economy, we will further enhance China's economic strength, and enable our socialist market economy to exhibit its great vitality.
5、促进国民经济又好又快进步
达成将来经济进步目的，重要要在加快转变经济进步方法、健全社会主义市场经济体制方面获得重大进展。要大力推进经济结构策略性调整，愈加重视提升自主革新能力、提升节能环保水平、提升经济整体素质和国际竞争优势。要深化对社会主义市场经济规律的认识，从规范上更好发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性用途，形成有益于科学进步的宏观调控体系。
（一）提升自主革新能力，建设革新型国家。这是国家进步策略的核心，是提升综合国力的重要。要坚持走中国特点自主革新道路，把增强自主革新能力贯彻到现代化建设每个方面。认真落实国家里长期科学和技术进步规划纲要，加强对自主革新投入，着力突破制约经济社会进步的重要技术。加快建设国家革新体系，支持基础研究、前沿技术研究、社会公益性技术研究。加快打造以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术革新体系，引导和支持革新要点向企业集聚，促进科技成就向现实生产力转化。深化科技管理体制改革，优化科技资源配置，健全鼓励技术革新和科技成就产业化的法制保障、政策体系、勉励机制、市场环境。推行常识产权策略。充分借助国际科技资源。进一步打造鼓励革新的环境，努力造就世界一流科学家和科技领军人才，重视培养一线的革新人才，使全社会革新智慧竞相迸发、各方面革新人才很多涌现。
（二）加快转变经济进步方法，推进产业结构优化升级。这是关系国民经济全局紧迫而重大的策略任务。要坚持走中国特点新型工业化道路，坚持扩大国内需要尤其是消费需要的方针，促进经济增长由主要依赖投资、出口拉动向依赖消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变，由主要依赖第二产业带动向依赖1、2、第三产业协同带动转变，由主要依赖增加物质资源消耗向主要依赖科技进步、劳动者素质提升、管理革新转变。进步现代产业体系，大力推进信息化与工业化融合，促进工业由大变强，振兴装备制造业，淘汰落后生产能力；提高高新技术产业，进步信息、生物、新材料、航空航天、海洋等产业；进步现代服务业，提升服务业比重和水平；加大基础产业基础设施建设，加快进步现代能源产业和综合运输体系。确保商品水平和安全。鼓励进步具备国际竞争优势的大企业集团。
（三）统筹城乡进步，推进社会主义新农村建设。解决好农业、农村、农民问题，事关全方位建设小康社会大局，需要一直作为全党工作的重中之重。要加大农业基础地位，走中国特点农业现代化道路，打造以工促农、以城带乡长效机制，形成城乡经济社会进步一体化新格局。坚持把进步现代农业、兴盛农村经济作为最重要任务，加大农村基础设施建设，完善农村市场和农业服务体系。加强支农惠农政策力度，严格保护耕地，增加农业投入，促进农业科技进步，增强农业综合生产能力，确保国家粮食安全。加大动植物疫病防控，提升农商品水平安全水平。以促进农民增收为核心，进步乡镇企业，壮大县域经济，多途径转移农民就业。提升扶贫开发水平。深化农村综合改革，推进农村金融体制改革和革新，改革集体林权规范。坚持农村基本经营规范，稳定和健全土地承包关系，根据依法自愿有偿原则，完善土地承包经营权流转市场，有条件的地方可以进步多种形式的适度规模经营。探索集体经济有效达成形式，进步农民专业合作组织，支持农业产业化经营和龙头企业进步。培育有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型农民，发挥亿万农民建设新农村的主体用途。
（四）加大能源资源节省和生态环境保护，增强可持续进步能力。坚持节省资源和保护环境的基本国策，关系人民群众切身利益和中华民族存活进步。需要把建设资源节省型、环境友好型社会放在工业化、现代化进步策略的突出地方，落实到每一个单位、每一个家庭。要健全有益于节省能源资源和保护生态环境的法律和政策，加快形成可持续进步体制机制。落实节能减排工作责任制。开发和推广节省、替代、循环借助和治理污染的先进适用技术，进步清洗能源和可再生能源，保护土地和水资源，建设科学适当的能源资源借助体系，提升能源资源借助效率。进步环保产业。加强节能环保投入，重点加大水、大方、土壤等污染防治，改变城乡人居环境。加大水利、林业、草原建设，加大荒漠化石漠化治理，促进生态修复。加大应付气候变化能力建设，为保护全球气候作出新贡献。
（五）推进地区协调进步，优化国土开发格局。缩小地区进步差距，需要重视达成基本公共服务均等化，引导生产要点跨地区合理流动。要继续推行地区进步总体策略，深入推进西部大开发，全方位振兴东北区域等老工业基地，大力促进中部区域崛起，积极支持东部区域率先进步。加大国土规划，根据形成主体功能区的需要，健全地区政策，调整经济布局。遵循市场经济规律，突破行政区划界限，形成若干带动力强、联系紧密的经济圈和经济带。重大项目布局要充分考虑支持中西部进步，鼓励东部区域带动和帮助中西部区域进步。加强对革命老区、民族区域、边疆区域、贫困区域进步扶持力度。帮助资源枯竭区域达成经济转型。更好发挥经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区在改革开放和自主革新中的要紧用途。走中国特点城镇化道路，根据统筹城乡、布局合理、节省土地、功能健全、以大带小的原则，促进大中小城市和小城镇协调进步。以增强综合承载能力为重点，以特大城市为依托，形成辐射用途大的城市群，培育新的经济增长极。
（六）健全基本经济规范，完善现代市场体系。坚持和健全公有制为主体、多种所有制经济一同进步的基本经济规范，毫不动摇地巩固和进步公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济进步，坚持平等保护物权，形成各种所有制经济平等角逐、相互促进新格局。深化国有企业公司制股份制改革，完善现代企业规范，优化国有经济布局和结构，增强国有经济活力、控制力、影响力。深化垄断行业改革，引入角逐机制，加大政府监管和社会监督。加快建设国有资本经营预算规范。健全各类国有资产管理体制和规范。推进集体企业改革，进步多种形式的集体经济、合作经济。推进公平准入，改变筹资条件，破除体制障碍，促进个体、私营经济和中小微型企业进步。以现代产权规范为基础，进步混合所有制经济。加快形成统一开放角逐有序的现代市场体系，进步各类生产要点市场，健全反映市场供应求购关系、资源稀缺程度、环境损害本钱的生产要点和资源价格形成机制，规范进步行业协会和市场中介组织，完善社会信用体系。
（七）深化财税、金融等体制改革，健全宏观调控体系。围绕推进基本公共服务均等化和主体功能区建设，健全公共财政体系。深化预算规范改革，强化预算管理和监督，完善中央和地方财力与事权相匹配的体制，加快形成统一规范透明的财政转移支付规范，提升一般性转移支付规模和比率，加强公共服务范围投入。健全省以下财政体制，增强基层政府提供公共服务能力。实行有益于科学进步的财税规范，打造完善资源有偿用规范和生态环境补偿机制。推进金融体制改革，进步各类金融市场，形成多种所有制和多种经营形式、结构合理、功能健全、高效安全的现代金融体系。提升银行业、证券业、保险业竞争优势。优化资本市场结构，多途径提升直接筹资比重。加大和改进金融监管，防范和解决金融风险。健全人民币汇率形成机制，逐步达成资本项目可兑换。深化投资体制改革，完善和严格市场准入规范。健全国家规划体系。发挥国家进步规划、计划、产业政策在宏观调控中的导向用途，综合运用财政、货币政策，提升宏观调控水平。
（八）拓展对外开放广度和深度，提升开放型经济水平。坚持对外开放的基本国策，把引进去和走出去更好结合起来，扩大开放范围，优化开放结构，提升开放水平，健全内外联动、互利共赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系，形成经济全球化条件下参与国际经济合作和角逐新优势。深化沿海开放，加快中国大陆开放，提高沿边开放，达成对内对外开放相互促进。加快转变外贸增长方法，立足以质取胜，调整进出口结构，促进加工贸易转型升级，大力进步服务贸易。革新借助外资方法，优化借助外资结构，发挥借助外资在推进自主革新、产业升级、地区协调进步等方面的积极推动作用。革新对外投资和合作方法，支持企业在研发、生产、销售等方面拓展国际化经营，加快培育国内的跨国公司和国际驰名品牌。积极拓展国际能源资源互利合作。推行自由贸易区策略，加大双边多边经贸合作。采取综合手段促进国际收入支出基本平衡。重视防范国际经济风险。
达成国民经济又好又快进步，势必进一步增强国内经济实力，彰显社会主义市场经济的强大生机活力。
