大学考试|英国概况 8

1. How many members are there in the House of Commons?

A. 650 B. 524 C. 72 D. 651

2. Which of the following people didnt use to be the British Prime Minister?

A. Margaret Thatcher^{1 B. Winston Churchill}

C. Horatio Nelson D. John Major

3. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.

A. Prime Minister B. Member of Parliament

C. Lord of appeal D. Speaker of the House

4. The Tories were the forerunners^{2 of _____, which still bears this nickname today.}

A. the Labor^{3 Party B. the Conservative Party}

C. the Liberal Party D. the Social Democratic Party

5. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition^4.

A. largest B. second largest C. third largest D. fourth largest

6. The term British disease is now often used to characterize Britains _____ decline.

A. political B. educational C. military D. economic

7. The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.

A. globalization B. nationalization C. privatization D. competition

8. Today, in Britain, ______ is called a sick industry.

A. coal mining B. iron and steel C. textiles D. shipbuilding

9. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765.

A. Abraham Darby B. James Watt^{5 C. John Kay D. Richard Arkwrightthe}

10. ______ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.

A. The Chartist Movement B. The Industrial Revolution

C. The French Revolution D. The Glorious Revolution

1. D, 下议院共有651名议员。

2. C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都过去做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。

3. A, 在英国，根据传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。

4. B, 托利党是英国守旧党的前身。

5. B, 在英国，在下议院中取得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它我们的领导和影子内阁（shadow cabinet）。

6. D, 目前英国病这一术语常常用来指英国经济上的衰退。

7. C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的年代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的年代。包含英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司达成了私有化。

8. A, 英国煤矿业被叫做生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，现在的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而致使矿工的数目、煤矿的总产量大大降低。

9. B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰创造家瓦特在1765年对原有些设计进行了改进提升，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。

10. B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会规范。