直接命令:
He said,Lie down,Tom.
他说:躺下,汤姆。
间接命令:
He told Tom to lie down.
他叫汤姆躺下。
间接命令、请求及劝告一般由表示命令、请求、劝告的动词+ 宾语+不定式(=宾语+不定式结构)来表示。
A 可用下列动词:advise,ask,beg,command,encourage,en- treat,forbid,implore,invite,order,recommend,remind,re- quest1, tell, urge,warn。
(注意: say不包含在这类动词中,关于用say转述的间接命令/请求,参见第321节。)
He said, Get your coat,Tom!
他说:汤姆,去穿你的外衣!等于:
He told Tom to get his coat.
他叫汤姆去穿外衣。
You had better hurry,Bill!she said.
她说:比尔,你最好快点!等于:
She advised Bill to hurry.
她劝比尔快点。
B 否定意义的命令、请求等一般用not+不定式转述:
Dont swim out too far,boys,I said.
我说:孩子们,不要游出太远。等于:
I warned/told the boys not to swim out too far.
我警告孩子们,叫他们不要游出太远。
forbid也可用来表示禁止,但多用于被动语态,不太用于主动语态。
C上面所示动词需要加宾语+不定式,即它们后面需要直接跟说话的他们,不带介词。(另参见第89节。)在直接命令、请求等中常不提及说话的他们:
He said,Go away!
他说:走开!
当转述如此的命令或请求时,需要加上名词或代词:
He told me/him/her/us/them/the children to go away.
他叫我/他/她/大家/他们/孩子们走开。
ask与上述A所示的动词有点差别,ask的后面也可直接跟某些动词(如 see, speak to, talk to)的带 to的不定式:
He said,Could I see Tom,please?
他说:我可以见汤姆吗?等于:
He asked to see Tom.
他需要见汤姆。(参见第283节。)
但这和ask+宾语+不定式种类的请求有非常大不一样。
ask和beg后面都可以跟不定式的被动式:
Do,please,send me to a warm climate, he asked/begged.
他需要/请求道:请务势必我送到气候暖和的地方去。等于:
e asked/begged us to send him to a warm climate.
他需要/请求大家将他送到气候暖和的地方去。
He asked/begged to be sent to a warm climate.
他需要/请求把他送到气候暖和的地方去。
D表示间接命令、请求及劝告的例句
注意:直接命令一般用祈使句表示,但需要和忠告可用多种办法来表示(参见第283节至第287节):
If I were you,Id sTOP taking tranquillizers,I said.
我说:假如我是你,我就停止眼用镇静药。等于:
I advised him to sTOP taking tranquillizers.
我劝他停止服用镇静药。(参见第311节D。)
Why dont you take off your coat?he said.
他说:为何不脱下你的大衣?等于:
He advised me to take off my coat.
他建议我脱下大衣。(参见第287节。)
Would/Could you show me your passport,please?he said.
他说:请出示你的护照。等于:
He asked me to show him my passport.
他要我向他出示护照。
He asked me for/He asked to see my passport.
他需要看我的护照。
You might post some letters for me,said my boss.
我的老板说:不知你能否给我寄几封信?等于:
My boss asked me to post some letters for him.
我的老板请我给他寄几封信。
If youd just sign the register,said the receptionist.
接待员说:请在登记本上签名。等于:
The receptionist asked him to sign the register.
接待员要他在登记本上签名。
Do sit down,said my hostess.
我的女主人说:请坐下。等于:
My hostess asked/invited me to sit down.
我的女主人请我坐下。
Please,please dont take any risks,said his wife.
他老婆说:请千万不要冒险。等于:
His wife begged/implored him not to take any risks.
他老婆恳求他别冒险。
Forget all about this young man,said her parents,dont see him again or answer his letters.
把那个男生全忘了吧,她爸爸妈妈说,不要再见他,也不要再回信了。等于:
Her parents ordered her to forget all about the young man and told her not to see him again or answer his letters.
她的爸爸妈妈需要她把那个男生全忘了,而且告诉她不要再见他,也不要再给他回信。
She was ordered to forget all about the young man and forbidden to see him again or answer his letters.
她被需要把那个男生全忘了,而且被禁止见那个男生或给他回信。(被动结构)
Dont forget to order the wine,said Mrs Pitt.
皮特夫人说:别忘了订购酒。等于:
Mrs Pitt reminded her husband to order the wine.
皮特夫人提醒她老公别忘了订购酒。
Try again,said Anns friends encouragingly.
安的朋友们鼓励地说:再尝试一下。等于:
Anns friends encouraged her to try again.
安的朋友们鼓励她再试一次。
Go on,apply for the job,said Jack2.
杰克说:去申请这个工作吧。等于:
Jack urged/encouraged me to apply for the job.
杰克敦促/鼓励我去申请这个工作。
You had better not leave your car unlocked3,said my friends,theres been a lot of stealing from cars.
你最好别忘了锁车门,我的朋友说,已经发生了很多起偷盗车内物品的事件了。等于:
My friends warned me not to leave my car unlocked as there had been a lot of stealing from cars.
我的朋友警告我不要忘了锁车门,由于已发生了很多起车内物品失窃事件了。
will you...种类的句子一般被看做请求,因此可以用 ask进行转述:
Will all persons not travelling please go ashore4,he said. 他说:不是随船旅游的人上岸。等于:
He asked all persons not travelling to go ashore.
他需要所有不是随船旅游的人上岸。
但假如 will you句式的句子是用严厉或烦躁的口气说出,而且
省略了please,则可用tell或order进行转述:
Will you be quiet!/Be quiet,will you!he said.
他说:请安静!/请安静,怎么样?等于:
He told/ordered us to be quiet.
他命令大家安静。